Position

The journal encourages authors to share the data, instruments, and code supporting their findings, within ethical and legal limits.

Data Availability Statement

Every research article includes a Data Availability Statement in the Declarations section. Authors choose the statement matching their case: (1) data are openly available in a named repository with a DOI or link, (2) data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, (3) data are not shareable because of ethical, privacy, or legal restrictions, with the reason stated, or (4) no new data were created or analyzed.

Repositories

The journal recommends trusted repositories such as Zenodo, the Open Science Framework (OSF), Harvard Dataverse, Figshare, and institutional repositories. Datasets appear in the reference list with a formal data citation.

Qualitative data

Authors of qualitative studies share de-identified excerpts, interview guides, codebooks, or coding frameworks where consent and ethics approval allow.

Instruments and code

The journal encourages authors to submit questionnaires, rubrics, interview protocols, and analysis scripts as supplementary files, with permission from the instrument owners where needed.

Editorial access

Editors and reviewers reserve the right to request the underlying data during review to check the findings. Authors keep raw data for at least five years after publication.