The Sapientia Filipina: Review of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (SFREMS) is committed to maintaining a fair, transparent, accountable, and ethical editorial process. The journal welcomes constructive feedback from authors, reviewers, readers, institutions, and members of the scholarly community regarding editorial decisions, peer review, publication ethics, journal policies, and editorial practices.

SFREMS provides a formal procedure for handling complaints and appeals in a timely, impartial, and confidential manner. All matters are evaluated objectively and in accordance with internationally recognized standards of publication ethics and editorial best practices.

SFREMS is committed to addressing complaints professionally, fairly, and without unnecessary delay.

Complaints may relate to:

Complaints should be submitted through the journal's official editorial email.

To facilitate an objective and efficient investigation, complaints should include:

Anonymous complaints may be considered when sufficient evidence is provided, although the journal may be limited in its ability to investigate such cases.

The journal will consider complaints relating to matters including:

Complaints unrelated to the journal's editorial responsibilities may be acknowledged but may fall outside the journal's authority.

The journal reserves the right not to respond to complaints that are:

Upon receiving a complaint, the Editorial Office will:

Investigations are conducted confidentially, fairly, and without prejudice.

The Editorial Office aims to provide a substantive response within 30 working days, although complex cases may require additional time.

Where delays occur, the complainant will be informed of the investigation's progress whenever possible.

SFREMS recognizes that authors may wish to appeal editorial decisions under appropriate circumstances.

An appeal provides an opportunity for independent review of the editorial process when there is credible evidence that a significant procedural or factual issue may have affected the original editorial decision.

Appeals are not intended as an opportunity to negotiate publication or to resubmit manuscripts without substantive justification.

Appeals may be considered when there is credible evidence that:

Disagreement with reviewer opinions or editorial judgment alone does not normally constitute sufficient grounds for appeal.

Authors wishing to appeal an editorial decision should submit a written appeal to the Editorial Office.

The appeal should include:

Appeals should be submitted within a reasonable period after notification of the editorial decision.

Appeals are evaluated independently by the Editor-in-Chief or a designated senior editor who was not directly involved in the original editorial decision whenever possible.

During the review process, the journal may:

The journal carefully evaluates all relevant evidence before reaching a final decision.

Following review of an appeal, the journal may:

The outcome of the appeal is communicated to the appellant with an explanation of the decision.

The decision reached following the appeal process is considered final.

Normally:

The Editorial Office reserves the right to decline repetitive or unsupported appeals.

All complaints and appeals are handled confidentially.

Information obtained during investigations is shared only with individuals directly involved in resolving the matter and only to the extent necessary for conducting a fair evaluation.

The journal seeks to protect the rights and reputations of all parties throughout the investigation process.

SFREMS encourages individuals to raise legitimate concerns regarding publication ethics or editorial practices without fear of retaliation.

Complaints submitted in good faith will be evaluated objectively regardless of the identity, institutional affiliation, nationality, seniority, or professional position of the complainant.

The Sapientia Filipina: Review of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (SFREMS) is committed to ensuring that all complaints and appeals are managed with fairness, transparency, impartiality, and respect for due process. By providing clear procedures for raising concerns and reviewing editorial decisions, the journal strengthens accountability, protects the integrity of the publication process, and promotes confidence among authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and the broader international scholarly community.

This Complaints and Appeals Policy has been developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles of publication ethics, editorial accountability, and responsible scholarly publishing and is aligned with:

SFREMS periodically reviews and updates this Complaints and Appeals Policy to ensure continued alignment with evolving international standards for publication ethics, editorial transparency, research integrity, and responsible open-access scholarly publishing.