From Narratives to Nationhood: A Mixed-Methods Study of Philippine Primary Sources Toward a Proposed PAMANA Model for Heritage, Identity, Historical Consciousness, and Civic Engagement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68354/742111Keywords:
civic engagement, Filipino identity, heritage education, historical consciousness, mixed methods, Philippines primary sources, Readings in Philippine HistoryAbstract
Introduction: Historical narratives contribute to cultural heritage, national identity, and historically informed citizenship. However, limited evidence examines how Philippine college students perceive primary sources as shaping heritage appreciation, identity, historical consciousness, and civic engagement.
Objective: This study examined students’ perceived influence of six Philippine primary sources on heritage, identity, historical understanding, political interpretation, and civic engagement and proposed the PAMANA Model based on the integrated findings.
Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design involved 213 first-year students in Readings in Philippine History, selected through stratified proportionate random sampling. Quantitative data were collected using a validated 60-item questionnaire, while qualitative data came from six open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and joint-display integration were employed.
Results: Students reported great perceived influence across all six dimensions, with Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan (M = 3.49) and Kartilya ng Katipunan (M = 3.47) receiving the highest ratings. Qualitative findings emphasized connections between past and present, heritage appreciation, Filipino identity, critical interpretation, and cultural-civic responsibility. Integration revealed an understanding–appreciation–action gap, with cognitive and affective responses stronger than participatory behaviors. These findings informed the proposal of the PAMANA Model, which was not empirically validated.
Conclusions: Philippine primary sources were perceived as meaningful resources for strengthening historical understanding, heritage appreciation, Filipino identity, and critical historical consciousness. Learning experiences should further translate these outcomes into cultural and civic participation, while future research should empirically validate the PAMANA Model.
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